The Impact Of Advertising On Marketing And Business

Advertising is one of the most important things existent in marketing and business today. If businesses did not advertise, their consumers would never be informed about any services or new products that they are promoting. It is important to advertise so that the business can aware their customers on their company and the products that they sell and keep them up-to-date. â€Å"The advertising campaign is about much more than creating a cool ad and hoping people will notice it. The campaign should be intimately related to the campaign’s overall communication goals. That means the firm must have a good idea of whom it wants to reach, what it will take to appeal to the market, and where and when it should place its messages.† (Solomon, Marshall, and Stuart 414) There are many types of advertising mediums that are effective to deliver both high frequency and engage with the target market. Different media options can help a campaign meet its goals, therefore it is important for a market to select the appropriate advertising medium to use. â€Å"The creation of the advertising begins when an agency formulates a creative strategy, which gives the advertising creative the direction and inspiration they need to begin the creative process.† (Solomon, Marshall, and Stuart 416) In order to create a successful creative strategy, the business must choose which advertising medium is fitting for what they are trying to promote. An advertising medium that would be suitable for a national foodShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Social Media On Business Performance1730 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Social Media Marketing Introduction: It is considered that social media tools have gained a lot of popularity as well as increasingly used in day to day operations of many business organizations or companies, from start-up to small medium as well as large multinational organizations. 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Importance of Operations Management in Business Operations Term Paper

Essays on Importance of Operations Management in Business Operations Term Paper The paper â€Å"Importance of Operations Management in Business Operations" is a cogent example of a term paper on management. Every business organization is managed through three important and interrelated functions: marketing, finance and operations management. Other functions such as human resources, accounting, engineering, and purchasing, are subordinate to the three major functions. The marketing function is responsible for understanding customer needs and generating customer demands while the finance function is responsible for managing an organization’s cash flows, capital investments, and current assets. In between these two functions lies the operations management. Primarily, the operations management is a core business function that plans, organizes, controls and coordinates an organization’s resources to produce the required goods and services. To a great extent, operations management is a managerial function and involves managing people, technology, equipm ent, information, and other resources.All organizations have operations management functions. Ideally, all other organizational functions are there to support the operations management function. Companies use operations management to add value to inputs during the transformation process. This helps companies produce high-quality products and gain competitive advantages in the production and marketing processes.Today’s businesses are operating in very competitive environments than was the case a few years ago. To survive competition, businesses must remain focused on efficiency, quality, international perspectives, customer relationships, and time-based competition. The Internet and other advances in the field of technology require appropriate responsiveness and flexibility. This new focus in business operations has cast new light as regards the significance of operations management in organizations. This is because it is only through operations management that companies can a chieve the competitiveness required to survive in the highly dynamic, modern markets. In their book, Dennis and Ajit (2003) have reckoned that some of the world’s most successful companies such as McDonalds and Wal-Mart have attained world-class status because of their unwavering focus on operations management. Accordingly, these companies have developed unique and highly sophisticated operations management processes, which have kept them ahead of other companies in their respective industries. Essentially, operations management has become a key managerial function for organizations to reckon with in the 21st Century DiVincenzo, 2006).Definition and Significance of Operations ManagementOperations management is an integrated business approach that focuses on the careful management of business processes to produce and distribute products (Klassen Whybarl, 2005). Primarily, operations management activities relate to product creation, development, production, and distribution. R elated activities include inventory control, managing purchases, overseeing storage and logistics, quality control and evaluation of processes. According to Dennis and Ajit (2003), a great deal of focus on operations management is on the efficiency and effectiveness of business processes. As such, operations management often includes substantial analysis of internal and external business processes. Undoubtedly, the nature of the operations management process and how it is carried out in organizations depends on the nature of the product in the organization.Role of Operations ManagementThe main purpose of operations management in organizations is to transform inputs into finished services and goods. The main inputs include human resources, facilities, processes, technology, and information. According to White and Fortune (2002) operations management is responsible for orchestrating the resources an organization needs to produce its products and services and meet customer needs. This includes designing the product and the production process, deciding on the resources that are needed, arranging schedules, managing inventory, controlling quality and designing the marketing criterion (Skinner, 2002).

Cocept Analysis Adaptation free essay sample

All of these situations describe a form of adaptation on behalf of the individual in order to deal with a stressful situation. According to Sister Callista Roy (2009)† adaptation is the process and outcome whereby thinking and feeling persons as individuals or in groups use conscious awareness and choice to create human and environmental integration† (McEwen amp; Wills, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of adaptation in the hope to bring clarification to the use of the term in nursing research and practice. This will be done in the form of a concept analysis. A concept analysis is the rigorous process of bringing clarity to the definition of the concepts used in science (McEwen amp; Wills, 2011). The concept analysis process of Walker and Avant (2005) includes selection of a concept, determining the aims or purpose of the concept, identifying all the possible uses of the concept, determining the defining attributes, identification of model cases: identifying borderline, related, contrary, invented and illegitimate cases, identifying antecedents, consequences and lastly defining the empirical referents (McEwen amp; Wills, 2011). The concept analysis process is important because most of nursing theory has been based on concepts adopted from other disciplines, so it is necessary to explore these concepts to discover their relevance to the nursing profession (McEwen amp; Wills, 2011). Aim of the Analysis The aim of this concept analysis of adaptation is to discover what descriptors of this concept make it more relevant to nursing practice and research. As pointed out by Rodgers and Knafl (2000) the value of discussing concepts is to promote the clarification and refinement of an idea that is intended to contribute to the problem solving efforts of a discipline (Holden, 2005). Literature Review of the Theory Adaptation Taylor’s (1983) cognitive adaptation theory states that individuals use positive thought processes as a form of adapting to stressful circumstances. Engaging in mildly positive self-relevant distortions enables an individual to maintain an optimistic outlook, enhance self-esteem and encourage a sense of mastery when facing a threatening event (Henselmans et al. 2009). Taylor proposes that these positive thoughts give an individual a sense of control which will then force the individual to take constructive action when dealing with a stressful situation. Schkade and Schultz (1992) in their occupational adaptation theory proposed that there is a normal process that individuals go through as they strive for compet ency on their jobs. There is an interaction with the environment that drives the individual to attain mastery over work related challenges. In this process the individual evaluates their responses to the challenges based on an internal sense of effectiveness or satisfaction. The self-assessment phase is the only means of evaluating the level of adaptation in this theory. Charmaz (1995) proposed that adaptation for most people is a gradual process of evolution where an altered individual changes to accommodate bodily and functional loss (Livneh amp; Parker, 2005). The changes in the individuals result from a recognition of a loss of their former self -image and the adaptation only comes about after that realization. Yoshida (1993) believes that adaptation through identity reconstruction only comes about after the individual struggles between their identity as a disabled person and their identity as their former self (Livneh amp; Parker, 2011). There is a constant internal struggle to which the outcome cannot be predicted. Lewin speaks of a reciprocal, interactive process of adaptation that involves the individual and the environment (Livneh amp; Parker, 2011). The environment consists of internal and external factors that influence the adaptation process. The internal factors can include type and severity of illness and/or the individual’s concept of self. The external factors include variables such as physical, social and vocational aspects of the external environment. The level of adaptation will depend on the interaction between the individual and these environmental factors. Uses of the Concept Adaptation as defined by Merriam-Webster (2013) is the adjustment to environmental conditions, adjustment of a sense organ to the intensity or quality of stimulation. Synonyms for adaptation: acclimation, accommodation, acclimatization, adjustment and conformation. Charles Darwin theory of natural selection states that organisms adapt to their environment to become better fitted to survive and that they pass these genes on to the next generation ( ). According to Natural Resources Canada (NRC) adaptation includes activities that are taken before impacts are observed (anticipatory) and after impacts have been felt (reactive). Both anticipatory and reactive adaptation can be planned as a result of deliberate policy decisions and reactive adaptation can also occur spontaneously (NRC, 2008). Defining Attributes Two defining attributes of adaptation are interaction and environment. A common theme that emerged during the review of information researched for this topic was that adaptation occurs after interaction between the individual and the environment. The Roy adaptation model (Roy amp; Andrews, 1999) viewed the individual as a holistic adaptive system who responds to different stimuli in the environment, he/she processes changes in the environment through emotional channels that involve perception, learning, judgment and emotion (Cunningham, 2002). Model Cases Walker amp; Avant (2010) state that a model case illustrates or exemplifies the concept and includes demonstrations of all defining ttributes (CCN, 2012). A model case of adaptation could be a previously withdrawn 45 year old female patient with a new colostomy. The patient Mrs. X shied away from learning how to care for her colostomy, refusing even to look at the colostomy during colostomy care. Subsequently Mrs. X now asks appropriate questions, has become more involved even to the point of changing her colostomy appliance. During this process the nurse encourages the patient by asking open ended questions about her feelings, the nurse also assures the patient that when she is ready to talk or learn someone will be available to answer her questions. Mr. L is a 35 year old newly diagnosed diabetic, who is open and receptive to diet and lifestyle changes that has become necessary to control his blood glucose levels. The adaptation can be seen by the patient taking part in the discussion with his nutritionist, asking appropriate questions and requesting information about resources that will be available to him should he need more support in adjusting to his new lifestyle changes. A contrary case is an example that does not display the attributes of the concept. Ms. B a 25 year old that received a right lower limb amputation due to a car accident refuses to take part in physiotherapy. In fact, she is somewhat hostile to the healthcare team and does not take part in any discussion about her plan of care and her rehabilitation. Attempts by the nurses to build a therapeutic relationship by asking open ended questions and sitting with the patient to offer comfort and support are not acknowledged. Related cases, according to Walker amp; Avant (2010), include most but not all of the attributes that relate to adaptation (CCN, 2012). Safety in many cases can be related to adaptation. Nurses find that they will have to step in and modify a patient’s environment to aid in the adjustment to an ongoing ailment. This may include dimming the lights, providing a quiet atmosphere and limiting visitors for a patient that has a dissecting aortic aneurysm. The nurse understands that it is important for this individual to have a calm quiet environment he/she also knows the importance of administering antihypertensive medication and sedative as needed to achieve an internal environment that is conducive to this person’s health. Providing safety may also come in the form of providing a clutter free environment for all patients. This includes ensuring that the bed is in the lowest position, all electrical cords are secured properly and the patient’s belongings and the call light are within the patient’s reach. These little changes go a long way in helping people adjust to the strange environment of a hospital room and by performing these tasks the nurse is fulfilling his/her role of promoting adaptation according to Roy’s Adaptation Model. Antecedents and Consequences According to Walker and Avant (1995), antecedents are the events or incidents that happen before the concept (Cheng, Foster amp; Huang, 2003). An antecedent to adaptation is stress, stress which can affect the body as a result of an accident, infection or an illness. The onset of a physical trauma or the diagnosis of a life threatening illness can set into motion a chain of psychosocial experiences, reaction or responses (Livneh amp; Parker, 2005). The goal of nursing at this point would be to promote adaptation (McEwen amp; Wills, 2011). The needs of the patient will be assessed and the plan for an appropriate intervention should be formulated. Control over the situation maybe beyond the scope of nursing practice however, the goal is for the patient to try to achieve integration with the environment, external or internal. Consequences are the events or incidents that happen as a result of the concept. A consequence of adaptation is that a change has taken place, a change in mindset or behavior. A patient that was not able to ambulate without assistance may now be able to walk around their home using crutches or a cane. The newly diagnosed breast cancer patient is no longer fearful because she has developed a positive outlook about her disease. She has started to look for support groups and researching natural intervention to help battle her illness. Taylor (1983) proposed that self -generated control perceptions prevent helplessness and promotes constructive thought and action (Henselmans et al. , 2009). Empirical Referents Walker and Avant (2010) define an empirical referent as a measurement tool or mechanism for the demonstration of the existence of the defining attributes of a concept (CCN, 2012). Cognitive adaptation is measured by the individual’s feelings of control or mastery over the illness as well as the individual’s positive outlook relating to their illness. One of the tools used to measure optimism is the Life Oriented Test (LOT). It consists of eight items and yields a total score between 0 and 32. An example of a question is: ‘I always look on the bright side of life’. The participants are asked to rate this statement on a 5 point scale, ranging from 0 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The Pearlin and Schooler’s Mastery Scale is used to assess feelings of control over events. Seven items are used to assess global beliefs of perceived control rather than events being controlled by fate. Five items are phrased in a positive way and two items in a negative way. An example of a statement is ‘I have little control over the things that happen to me’. A five point scale is used here also 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Higher points on both scales, indicates a higher level of perceived control or optimism which points to positive adaptation. Conclusion Adaptation is an innate basic function that all humans and organisms must have to overcome different stressors in life. How one adapts is closely related to our coping strategies. Adaptation can be positive which results in human and environmental integration (McEwen amp; Wills, 2011). The nurse’s role in this process is to adapt to the patient’s needs by performing a thorough assessment to be able to provide the tools needed for the individual to positively adjust to complications that they are experiencing. References Chamberlain College of Nursing. (2012). NR 501 Theoretical basis for advanced nursing practice. Concept Analysis: Directions with Scoring Rubric. St Louis, MO: Author Chen, S. F. , Foster, R. L. , amp; Huang, C. Y. (2003). Concept analysis of pain. Tzu Chi Nursing Journal 2:3 Cunningham, D. A. (2005). Adaptation of Roy’s adaptation model when caring for a group of women coping with menopause. Journal of Community Health Nursing 19(1), 49-60 Henselmans, I. , Sanderman, R. , Helgeson, S. V. , de Vries, J. , Smink, A. , amp; Ranchor, A. V. (2010). Personal control over the cure of breast cancer: Adaptiveness, underlying beliefs and correlates. Psycho-Oncology 19: 525-534 Holden, L. M. (2005). Complex adaptive systems: Concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 52 (6) 651-657 Honoch, L. , amp; Randall, M. P. (2005). Psychological adaptation to disability: Perspectives from chaos and complexity theory. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 17-28 Lorre, G. A. , Schkade, J. K. , amp; Ishee, J. H. (2004). Content validity of the relative mastery measurement scale: A measure of occupational adaptation. Occupational, Participation and Health 24 (3) McEwen, M. , amp; Wills, E. (2011). Theoretical basis for nursing (3rd ed. . Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health. Merriam-Webster. com. (2013). Adaptation. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/adaptation Stiegelis, H. E. , Hagedoorn, M. , Sanderman, R. , Van der Zee, K. I. , Buunk, B. P. , amp; Van den Bergh, A. C. M. (2003). Cognitive adaptation: A comparison of cancer patients and healthy references. British Journal of Health Psychology 8 303-318 What is Adaptat ion? (2008) Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved from: www. nrcan. gc. ca

Teen Suicide Essays (1431 words) - Psychiatric Diagnosis

Teen Suicide Teen Suicide is a major killer of teenagers today. It is the third leading cause of death in all teens ages 15-19 and the second leading cause of death in ages 19-24. Verbalizing about this more gives ways to help prevent teen suicide, such as identifying disorders they may have and providing them with the proper treatment be fore it gets out of hand. The hard part is identifying the disorders. The only people that can really identify them is family and close friends, and in many cases people many not know the seriousness of it or fear that it might just be true. Another problem is that if you are not educated in the areas of mind it may be a bit harder to identify the problem. The most common symptoms that lead to suicide are depression, anxiety disorders and substance abuse. Depression is a mood disorder characterized by over whelming feelings of sadness, lack of interest in activities, and often times excessive guilt or feelings of worthlessness. Depression is not something that a person can help and if they could, they would not even want to. It does no good to tell someone who is depressed and has thoughts of suicide that, Things really are not that bad; that just indicates to them that you can not see nor understand what they are going through. Most people in these situations want help but they may discourage obtaining it from someone due to the embarrassment of the issue. Making sure that your friends and family are all right but if they are not, they should be shown what help they can acquire by just coming forward. Anxiety disorders are a bit more complex but they need to be identified cause they can be dangerous. Anxiety is a disorder where anxiety is a characteristic feature or the avoidance of anxiety motivates abnormal behavior and can not function in everyday life because the anxiety is too great. The easiest of the three to explain is Substance abuse. This is the pattern of drug use that diminishes the ability to fulfill responsibilities at home or at work or even school, that leads in repeated use of drug menacing situations, which results to legal difficulties related to narcotic use. Ultimately chronic abuse of alcohol and drugs may lead to death; About 100,000 Americans die each year as a result of alcohol with other drugs including heart failure, pneumonia, automobile accidents, and suicide. The highest risk for suicide due to heavy drinking is boys 17-19 who is depressed and drinks a lot. Substance abuse as all of the disorders are very dangerous if not treated and in some substance abuse cases it gets out of which results in problems with the law and even violence may occur. Each disorder mentioned (depression, anxiety, and substance abuse) are all leading causes to teen suicide and the more society becomes involved the less teens take their own lives because no one is showing them another route. Treatment significantly reduces teen suicide but the actual treatment itself could be modified. They do confidential screening of high school student for risk factors such as previous suicide attempts. To say that these testers know if they had previous suicide attempts or if they are just lying is just an unrealistic statement. The few students that do come forward it will work for but what about all the others that did not speak out. One way of detecting this early is that all schools make the students go to the school psychologist from early adolescents all the way through high school. This is so that the psychologist know of him/her and the students understand that you dont have to be crazy or mentally challenged to go and speak to someone if something is disturbing them. It is always a nice thing as a teenager to know that some one stable is always there to talk and help you the best they know how. Start to teach the positive effects of the school psychologist at an early age can only repair the communication gap. By the time the thoughts of suicide come about they have someone that can first notice if they have the symptoms of any